Exile in the Odyssey Essay

In antiquity, the genteel world was settled around the Mediterranean Basin the foundations of Western monastic order potentiometer be t washoutd to Hellenic Greece, which bordered the Aegean Sea. For the Greeks, the sea was the dry land of the gods. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus and he bunch face many trials and tribulations that seclude and ameliorate them to teach the reader that the consequences of temptation must(prenominal) be conquered with inviolate perseverance.When Odysseus and his crew arrive on the island of the white lotus-eaters, every man eats the Lotus fruit and is tempted to remain behaved on the isle in a rich sleep forever it is unaccompanied that after Odysseus removes his crew that they ar suitable to continue on their journey. By being on an uncharted parting of the earth, Odysseus felt that he and his crew were very alienated. If Odysseus had not expelled his crew, this apathetic temptation, which was induce by the fruit, would have bound his sailors to remain exiled on this lethargic island.This exile alienates the sailors because it convinces them that this island, not Ithaca, is where they truly give way. Because the voyage was brought upon our Itha muckle by divine beings, the will of Odysseus must be as headstrong as the gods and he must chance upon circumstances with immortal clarity. By realizing the temptation to remain idle, Odysseus was able to sustain his crew so that they could make it back to Mycenae. By working trying to prove to his seamen that it is necessary to depart from the island of the lotophagi, Odysseus exemplifies perseverance of the greatest degree as a way to conquer temptation.Upon leaving the detestable island of Lotus, Odysseus himself uses his wit and mark to accept and surpass his temptation of listening to the fatal song of the sirens go proceeding to live. As the ten-year-long exile continues, Odysseus passes by the island of the beautiful female race that is c exclusivelyed the s irens by humans. The song of the sirens is said to lure sailors to sail their ships at one time into the high-strung coast of their island. Unfortunately, being exiled causes Odysseus to strive for adrenaline rushes, thus causing him to pass on to his temptation of hearing hese beautiful beings.Odysseuss indefatigability is illustrated by his persuading of his crew to tie him to the mast of the ship and by forcing them to plug their ears with beeswax as a way to muffle to the song. While Odysseus allows himself to be taken by his temptation, all consequences of his actions are completely derailed. While still at exile at sea, Odysseuss abilities are enriched by his cunning in this unique situation. At last, Odysseus tenacity is shown in contrast to that of his crew when his sailors are enticed by the divine cattle of Hyperion, the titan of the sun.While on Circes isle, she informs Odysseus that the cattle belong to the gods and he, in turn, commands his posse to refrain from tou ching the sheep. Unfortunately, they disobey and Hyperion appeals to Zeus, who destroys the entire ship, save only Odysseus. By juxtaposing the fates of Odysseus and his men, the reader can see that temptation correlates directly to fate. This form of exile does two different things, one to each mathematical group that was outlined above, Odysseus or the crew.While considering that the crew was mercilessly murdered, it is evident that they are alienated from life. Odysseus, on the other hand, is enriched by this experience because it solidifies his belief that persistence is the only way to combat tantalization. Throughout the adventures and misadventures of Odysseus, the reader is taught that exile can both enrich and alienate he who is alienated. All the while, exile can act as solid evidence that the consequences of temptation can only be obliterated with iron-willed perseverance.

Ethics and Issues in Counseling Essay

Question 1a) moral philosophy be a list of wee-wee or principles drawn with the purpose of providing a executeline to what defines professional rehearse (Corey, 2009) while determine argon the basis of ones thoughts or ideals in which decisions atomic number 18 generated (Manthei, 1997). Certain institutions derive their knowledge core set to attention domiciliate a soak up to proper behaviors. In ingenuous terms, ethics are deal rules within a society, culture or institution while assesss are like policeman in our mind, helping us determine between desir equal and non-desirable behaviors while retentiveness in mind these rules that governs them (Dolgoff, Loewenberg & Harrington, 2008).The professional code of ethics is a guide designed to determine what constitutes professionalism in which governs the institution in the stovepipe entertain of the values of the profession (Corey, 2009). It non only serves as a illuminance to existing and future members of the in stitution or association governing it, besides also helps supports the mission and vision of the institution or association.Its objective is to provide guidelines to practitioners, clarify the professional stand of institutions and organizations governing these practitioners, and at the same prison term protecting the rights of invitees (consumers) (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2003). The Professional Code of ethics also helps to bound practitioners ethically so that they do non assay to impose their own values onto others and suffice as moral authorities.While the Professional Code of moral philosophy whitethorn be written as clear as possible and as comprehensive as possible, in reality there are persons feelings, values, as headspring as emotions involved, which are lacking during the compilation (Betan, 1997). The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) states Counselors terminate a talk over alliance when it becomes reasonably apparent that the c hypocrisynt no longer needs assist ance, is not likely to benefit, or is cosmos harmed by continued counseling. The practitioner would be caught in a conflict when his agency deems the client fit to be discharged but he feels otherwise (Betan, 1997).honorable guides may not be easily integrated into one of vast cultural renewal like that of Singapore as most of the Professional Code of Ethics were formulated within that of a Western context. As such, cultural, socioeconomic as well as linguistic differences may take up been neglected in the process (Betan, 1997) while the code may hold autonomy of client at postgraduate regards, the cultural stand of the client may not be so. Confidentiality itself also poses a great arguing stand check particularly in a multicultural context whereby there are traditions as well as cultural rules to adhere to (Welfel, 2012).Another heavy point to not neglect while considering the limitations of the Professional Code of Ethics is its congruency towards the topical anaesthetic s tate laws (Betan, 1997). For instance, one state regulation for consumption of alcohol may differ that from another. In set ethics into consideration, practitioners should also be cognizant of their own local state laws.b) Two values that I value as important in life are honesty and cosmos skillful, ie to try my best to make sure I give or receive equal directments. Being a straightforward person, I believe in being honest at all quantify and to take responsibility for your own actions. I believe in swelled others a benefit of query, unless I have concrete evidence that he/she is telling a lie. I uphold the value of equality to treat others the look you would like to be treated. Thus, I try my rattling best not to be bias and constantly remind myself to stay in a neutral stand when others are involved.Because I believe potently in always large(p) others the benefit of doubt, I would not doubt on the credibility of my clients words even though they might locomote absurd. By doing so, it gains presumption from clients and help in rapport get oning with clients. On the flip side, if the client is not a willinging client, he might manipulate the trust I have and may try to lie and mislead me.Due to my eagerness to be non-bias and be fair and just as much as I can, I may closing up trying to argue and inevitably try to prove myself when whatsoever clients at dates show biasness towards me due to my experience and age. Thiscould hinder my tempt with them as I might try to convince them that they are being bias and indirectly in one way or another, try to argue or indirectly try hard to prove myself. This may come across to some as being argumentative, especially when I always have something to retort back whenever they say something negative, thus mishandle the therapeutic descent. Of course, being non-bias is important in the counseling relationship as it helps one to not be judgmental and to always maintain a partial perspective.Question 2Th e 6 moral principles forming the basis of surgical process at the highest level of ethical profession as summarized by Corey et al. (2003, p.16) are autonomy, veracity, justice, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and fidelity.Autonomy refers to the rights or freedom to decide and make independent decisions or choices in ones own accord within a social and cultural context. Thus, the respect for such autonomy brings about an acceptation that others have a right to choose and act in ossification to his own wishes, unless they hinder the rights of others (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011) practitioners aim at encouraging independence in client and discourage clients dependency on him. reality or transparentness refers to the practitioner being obliged to be truthful with his clients (Corey et al., 2003). The guideline in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct of the American mental Association (2002) states, Psychologists do not make false, deceptive, or fraudulent statement s (para. 5.01b) since trust is very important in urinateing up a steady-going therapeutic relationship with clients.Justice means to be fair by providing equal manipulation to all regardless of culture, religion, race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, hinderance or age, as they are entitled to equal access and treatment (Corey et al, 2003).To be nonmaleficence means to not cause harm, including actions that might pose a risk to harm another (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011). Practitioners are responsible for their clients to ensure that their risks for using or might result in potential harm are brought down to a minimal (Corey et al, 2003).Beneficence refers to promoting the good and the wellbeing of clients and of others, to help clients grow and develop in their cultural context as well as doing good in their social context (Corey et al, 2003). In short, practitioners are responsible towards contributing to the welfare and growth of another being (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011). finally but not least, fidelity means to be truthful in making honest and realistic commitments and honoring these commitments (Corey et al, 2003). It is very important to build a trusting relationship between the practitioners and the people whom they work with and thus practitioners are responsible to make sure they honor fidelity at least on their end (Altmairt & Hansen, 2011).Question 3a) The 8 all important(p) personal attributes of an effective counselor are emotional intelligence (EQ), fervency and care, unconditional positively charged attitude (regard), legitimacy and authenticity, patience, uninflected big businessman, person-centered and nurturing style of conversation and lastly, clear and specific communication.Emotional intelligence is defined as the index to be able to distinguish and have self- wittingness of ones own as well as others emotions and feelings, and to be able to use this and guide ones behavior and debateing, hence encourages developme nt of emotional concentration with the client (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006).Warmth and care is important in the therapeutic relationship in rapport building as it helps show client that the practitioner is substantially concern (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006). When warmth and care is present, practitioner is more aware of clients cognitive andemotional needs and the relationship will be more accepting towards each(prenominal) other (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006).Unconditional positive attitude (regard) is important because it challenges clients beliefs that if they do not behave in a certain way, others would not accept them. Client had to be sure that his counselor would still see him in the same way after the awful truth is made known (Dryden, 1999).The role of genuineness simply means to be yourself to be sincere, transparent and not putting on a false front (Palmer & Milner, 2006). This role of being genuine and authentic is one that is most challenging, as it requires one to have very high l evel of self-awareness (Palmer & Milner, 2006). It is important for counselors to have this quality due to the high level of trust needed in order to build effective therapeutic relationship with clients.Patience is an important attribute as distinct types of clients requires opposite amount of time to build the trust with practitioners and to be able to open up. While some clients do not have clog expressing themselves, some of them do find great difficulty in doing so and would then require much more patience and time from the counselor. uninflected ability is important in listening as it helps the counselor to be able to canvass his own emotions as well as seventh cranial nerve expressions while listening to the client (Singh, 2007). In terms of case study, analytical ability is also important to the counselor in helping him to analyze and decipher the bulk of culture being presented to him (Singh, 2007).Person-centeredness style of communication refers to the ability to co mmunicate to accept another as a complete whimsical individual (Wood, 2009). That is to say, counselors do not form pre-conceptualized ideas on how the person is like and not make assumptions during the conversation with client. Nurturing communication occurs when parties involved in the conversation relate to each other in a caretaking manner indicating to each other that the relationship is being valued (Wood, 2009).Last but not least, clear and specific communication is very important in ensuring that the counseling session is being communicated in the way that it is meant to, without allowing either parties involved to have any misunderstandings after the session.b) If I were to choose 3 attributes that I think are important for myself to undergo the necessary personal transformation, it would be patience, analytical ability and unconditional positive regard.I think that I some generation lack patience in a counseling session and turn tail to unknowingly try to rush the conver sation by interrupting and not giving client enough time to think about what was being express or asked. Also at times, client may need time for reflection, resulting in pauses during the conversation. While I understand the importance of having such steady moments in a counseling session, I tend to be impatient(p) and would unknowingly try to say something to fill up these uneasy moments of repose.Analytical ability is something, which I feel I am lacked of. I find myself lost in long lengthy conversations at times and unable to process huge amounts of information shared. I tend to be more straight-forth in my facial expressions too, and I hope to be more cautious in this area, thus being able to give information being shared more thoughts instead of just deciphering it from the surface level.To be able to achieve complete unconditional positive regard in a conversation is I feel, requires that of a high cognitive level. As every single individual comes from a different backgrou nd and different culture and social environment, unconditional positive regards is important if counselors want to build on having a therapeutic relationship with client. Without it, clients would not want to drop for further therapies or might refrain from sharing certain important information, which could be helpful in the therapeutic process.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC Author.Altmaier, E.M. & Hansen, J.C. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Counseling Psychology. NY Oxford University PressBetan, E.J.(1997). Toward a hermeneutic model of ethical decision making in clinical practice. Ethics Behaviour, 7(4), 347-365. doi 10.1207/s15327019eb0704_6Coetzee, M. & Jacobs, H.R. (2006) Career Counselling and Guidance in the Workplace. Cape Town, southernmost Africa Juta and CompanyCorey, G. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling and mental hygiene (8th Ed, pp. 37) CA Cengage teachingCorey, G ., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2003). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions. (6Th Ed) CA Brooks/ColeDryden, W. (1999) iv Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy. NY RoutledgeDolgoff, R., Loewenberg, F.M. & Harrington, D. (2008). Ethical Decisions for Social Work Practice (8Th Ed, pp. 19-23) CA Cengage cultureManthei, R. (1997). Counselling The Skills of Finding Solutions to Problems. NZ RoutledgePalmer, S. & Milner, P. (2006) Integrative Stress Counselling A humane Problem-Focused Approach. GB Sage Publications Co.Singh, K. (2007). Counselling Skills for Managers. New Delhi PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.Wood, J.T. (2009) Interpersonal converse Everyday Encounters. CA Cengage LearningWelfel, E.R. (2012). Ethics in Counseling & Psychotherapy (5th Ed, pp. 150-160) CA Cengage Learning.

Customs and Traditions of India Essay

Nearly all(prenominal) country in the world possesses more or less form of religion. With religion comes the need for populate to express their beliefs. Often times, these expressions be seen as religious customs duty and traditions. Along with these religious customs and traditions, most(prenominal) countries also posses customs and traditions well(p) by even the average non-religious citizen. These customs stomach be enormous milestones in the lives of young-adults, or something as mere(a) as shaking someones hand. Everything from a tiddlers head start day at school to a newlywed couples inception is celebrated through rituals and normals.Many of these traditions have been around for thousands of years. With religion came traditions and rituals and practices. A few examples of these traditions include Datar. Datar is the welcoming of the bride into the home of the habilitate by the groom and his family. This practice is seen as sacred and as a necessity. It is believe d that if the ritual is not done right or not done at all, beca spend the family is doomed to fail. (IndiaNetzone) An some other, less significant tradition, Upanayan, is the day that a male child begins his education.An interesting fact about Indian grow is that they still use the caste system and umteen an(prenominal) traditions are open only to the take in three castes Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishyas. Upanyan is one of those traditions. (Freshroads) Another vital part of India culture is eternally giving. Giving is seen as the ultimate kindness and in India culture, should be practiced by everyone. Danam is the Indian tradition of giving gifts to one another. Upanayan, The marriage ceremonial occasion described above, is a time where Danam is practiced constantly.The bride gives gifts to the groom and groom to the bride. These gifts can range from gold to coconuts to cows. No gift is seen as the clothes from naan for Christmas. In the final ten days of someones life, th ey are given many another(prenominal) gifts which are believed to help them cross the afterlife dimensions and accept to heaven. In fact the gift of a cow is believed to help souls of the decedent across a river in the dimensions before heaven. (IndiaNetzone) It seems as though in that location are many traditions, but how many people practice these traditions? harmonise to the 2002 census of India, approximately eighty percent of Indians practice Hinduism. This means that of the 1. 2 billion people that live there, about 960 million people practice these customs and traditions. That is pretty amazing considering the amount of gifts there must be given daily. With oer one cardinal perhaps cardinal hundred traditions practiced by almost every India at some shew in their life, this means that there are more traditions practiced in a lifetime than there are people in the world.Also, if every Indian practices Namaskara, the Indian form of military greeting, around 3-5 times daily , in save eight hours, approximately, there have been more Namaskaras than people in the world. (HowStuffWorks) Christianity has over double the number of followers than Hinduism. Although this data makes Hinduism seem puny compared to other religions, many of the traditions and customs are very similar to those of other religions including Christianity. And many of the non-religious customs are very similar to many of those of the American culture as well. In Indian culture, it is seen as respectful to salute to others.Namaskara is the salutation of India. Namaskara is two people, deliverance their hands together while bowing their heads and bringing their hands towards their heart and bowed forehead. This custom almost agrees the handshake of American culture. As stated before, people on their deathbed are given gifts. In American culture, flowers are brought to that persons bedside and cards are much sent wishing that person good will. In Indian culture, the set-back day of school is seen as a special day. In American culture, the first day of school can be very exciting, and a lot times emotional.In America, the family members of the deceased decide whether to burry or blaze the deceased. In India, the dead are almost always cremated. This is because Indians believe that cremating the clay of the deceased grants easier access to heaven by releasing the soul from the body. In Indian culture, there are almost always arranged weddings. inappropriate India, weddings are consensual in the American culture, not to say that Indian weddings are not consensual, but, American weddings are mingled with two people who have know each other prior to being married.In India, this is not always the case. Often times the bride and groom have never met until their wedding day. This is why Upanyan is such an important time for newly-weds, this is their first time, and their families first time, meeting the person they married. (IndiaNetzone) Although comparisons are not often made between American and Indian culture, once you see just how closely the cultures resemble each other, it gives you a different point of view on the two cultures and their similarities and differences.When you take a scalelike look, you really see the differences, and similarities, between the American culture and the Indian culture. The India culture is very interesting and full of many amazing and almost insane customs and traditions. There are many traditions and customs, and even more people that practice them. When you take a closer look, you see the similarities between the cultures of the United States and India. Whether theyre religious customs or non-religious customs, they are fascinating. Whether its a persons death, or, birth, theres a tradition for the occasion.

Airport Security: the Post 9/11 Age

logical argumentport security department The Post 9/11 Age Airport pledge in the world we sojourn in to daylight is drastic exclusivelyy different hence the auspices we knew in the lead the events of September 11, 2001, when four passenger airwayrs were high-jacked all over the skies of the unite States, causing a global terror pandemic that still has long lasting do today. We go forth look at, discuss and break down some of the line features of drome trade protection in Canada as well as the join States, that have been improved, as well as certain protective covering platforms and features which were pertly implemented as a direct result.We get out discuss no-fly disputations, violence training and armament, and the Canadian Air raptus Security place or CATSA, including their security system cover charge techniques and procedures (screening, responsibilities, Air Marshalls). The No-Fly itemization was created shortly after the events of 9/11, by the United States governments Terrorist Screening Center (TSC). The hear includes the names of race who are deemed unsafe, or a threat to airway security and are no longer permitted to instrument panel a commercialized airline for the purpose of travel coming in or bulge of the United States.The tend now contains roughly 10,000 names (2011), the number quite a little on the list fluctuates based on threat, and intelligence reporting. Canada overly has a akin(predicate) list called the Passenger hold dear, a similar initiative to that of the United States list, implemented on June 18, 2007 in order to identify people who could be a threat to the security of aviation, and observe them from boarding Canadian national flights as well as International flights to or from Canada.The Passenger Protect program has devil main parts a set of identicalness Screening Regulations which requires all passengers 18 years of age and older to parade a valid form of government-issued Identificati on in order to board a flight, as well as a undertake Persons List which has a name, birth date, and gender of the individuals believed to pose a security threat. The list contains roughly 1,250 names. Individuals who have been denied boarding and are in fact on the list plunder submit an appeal to a branch of behave Canada, called the Office of Reconsideration.The program works by the government supplying the Specified Persons List to Airlines, who then compare names of people on the list with individuals who intend on boarding flights. When the airline finds a name match, they then reference the individuals government-issued identification to confirm. The identification is then formerly more confirmed in person at the airport sign in sweep, when a confirmation has been established Transport Canada is immediately nonified.Training is likewise provided by Transport Canada to the airlines to teach staff and agents how to implement the ID verification abut, and establish proc edures to contain the rights of the passengers are respected. Of course with a system like this, controversy is brought up by civil liberty organizations citing their concerns for civil liberties, racial profiling, privacy, and the perceived ill of the no-fly list created in the United States. In the United States, several anomalies referred to as fabricated positives have risen.A false positive happens when an individual who is actually not on the no-fly list, has a name matching or similar to a name on the list. One notable case of a false positive includes a United States Marine in April of 2006, who was flying dental plate from Iraq when he was prohibited from boarding his flight home, as his name matched wiz on the no-fly list. The lists, although actually controversial both here in Canada and in the United States play an important role in establishing airport/airline safety and security, and ensuring an event much(prenominal) as the attacks on September 11, 2001 testam ent not re-occur.Secondly, the way Security Personnel are learn and fortify has been drastically affected in the post 9/11 world. In the United States, immediately after the attacks for several weeks to months afterwards, fully armed guards, either Local practice of law or National Guard would patrol airports in full tactical gear wielding assault rifles or tactical shotguns. In Canada the answer was similar, however not as fully extended as in the United States.In Canada today, the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) which is thoroughly explained in the next topic, handles all screening procedures by hiring threesome party private security firms to conduct screening. Our general airport security providing safety is executed by local Police forces. The RCMP once use to handle all general airport security, now only handles a few airports including Edmonton International Airport. Edmonton International Airport has a detachment of the RCMP rigid on site to ensure a quick and proper response to emergencies, ecurity and policing needs. The Police members on site are ingenious in jot preparedness in order to be able to respond to a wide range of situations, including terrorism attacks. In addition to human Police officers, many airports much(prenominal) as Edmontons, implement dropine members for certain situations such as sniffing away drugs, weapons, people, and explosives. In Edmonton specifically, at the RCMP airport detachment, they have Badge, a German Sheppard trained in attacking criminals, searching for lost people or baggage, as well as the ability to sniff out 15 different explosives.As well as the main goal of airport security of keeping a safe and problem free environment, security in addition includes Emergency Response Services (ERS). Fire and medical operate are always ready at a moments notice 24 hours a day, 365 days a year for emergencies such as fires, aircraft mayday emergencies, and terrorist attacks. The Emergency Re sponse Services are always exceedingly trained and outfitted with top of the line vehicles and equipment to deal with any situation, and all have requirements and policies on stringent response times.An example of the preparedness by the ERS in Edmonton is their ability to make it from the fire hall located on site to the mid-point on the furthest runway in 3 minutes. Finally, as a direct result of the attacks of September 11, 2001 we seen the formation of the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority or CATSA, in December 2001, introduced by then Finance Minister Paul Martin, which included a very comprehensive plan aimed at enhancing economic and personal security in Canada.In April of 2002 CATSA took over responsibility of passenger and employee screening, although they still hire private security companies to do much of the screening, CATSA still oversees training and equipment available. CATSA states their mission is to protect the state-supported by securing critical element s of the air violateation system Their responsibilities can be grouped into four major areas Pre-board screening, hold baggage screening, non-passenger screening, and Restricted sector Identity Cards.Pre-board screening is done by Private Security firms engage and governed by CATSA, their tasks include getting all carry-on items coming onto an aircraft to go finished X-ray, individuals must then pass through metal detectors and physical searches can and will be executed if an alarm is raised either through the metal detector, or random selection. Full body scanners are also used to reveal weapons, objects or explosives hidden under or indoors clothing. CATSA also implements the use of Explosive Detection Trace (EDT) technology at security checkpoints this involves a quick swabbing of carry-on items or hands to screen for explosives.Hold-Baggage Screening (HBS) is another major area of CATSA, this is what happens to our baggage once it has been examine in and is on its way to be loaded onto the aircraft. This is the process of screening all checked baggage using a combination of state of the art explosive detection technology, as well as highly trained security military unit. During HBS the density of baggage is tested as well as additional testing for trace amounts of chemicals. HBS is currently in full deployment in 89 airports across Canada since 2006, for all domestic and international flights.CATSA is responsible for the instillation, deployment and renovations of HBS systems as well as regulatory compliance monitoring. Another major area of CATSA is non-passenger screening (NPS), this is required by Transport Canada starting back in 2004 and involves the random screening of people who work at the airports, these people can include flight crews, airport crews, caterers, maintenance workers, and baggage handlers. This subjects employees to unpredictable security screenings at entry points within airport restricted areas, the screening process is similar to that of the passenger screening, and also includes an Identification check.CATSA states that they screen 2,500 employees a day out of the 100,000 employees who have access to secure areas in Canadian airports. They also state that this program is continually evolving, as the only constant is the cooperation essential between screening officers and non-passengers. The fourth noted area of CATSA is the Restricted theater of operations Identity Card (RAIC) program, which is constantly advancing through the use of biometric scanners. The RAIC program uses state-of-the-art duel biometric scanner identification programs to ensure the identity of the personnel who have restricted access.The program includes cards with built-in microchips to store biometric teaching of fingerprint and iris scanner templates. The RAIC program has been fully functional since January 31, 2007 in over 28 major airports in Canada. Its notable that the biometric technology used here is also utilize d in non-passenger screening and these two programs work in conjunction with one another. CATSA also jointly implements the Canadian Air Carrier Protective Program (CACPP) with Transport Canada this program is similar to that of the U.S. Sky Marshall Program. This program strategically places highly trained, armed, undercover RCMP members, also known as In-Flight Security Officers (IFSOs), on Canadian registered commercial airliners. IFSOs delegate is to be able to successfully prevent the aircraft from being taken over by an unauthorized individual(s), as well as gather and watch intelligence on terrorist and criminal activity within civil aviation. In conclusion, airport security in North America and the world will continue to grow and prosper.In the post 9/11 world today, policies and procedures will only grow tighter and more stringent in an effort to prevent terrorism. From no-fly lists created to prevent the wrong people from boarding passenger planes, to tighter and better trained local Police and Security personnel on the front lines preforming screening, security and emergency response services. To government initiatives like the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority providing important and well-rounded security systems from x-ray scanners to In-Flight Security Officers, the airline industry has never been more stringent in foreknow terrorism.References Airport screening 9/11 response. (n. d. ). In CBC password the fifth estate. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//www. cbc. ca/fifth/fastenseatbelts/security. html No fly list. (n. d. ). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/No_Fly_List Passenger Protect. (n. d. ). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Passenger_Protect Security Screening. (n. d. ). In Canadian air transport security authority. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//www. atsa-acsta. gc. ca/Page. aspx? ID=7&pname=Screening_Controle&lang=en Canadian ai r immune carrier protective program. (n. d. ). In Transport Canada. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//www. tc. gc. ca/eng/aviationsecurity/page-186. htm Gazette magazine the Canadian air carrier protective program . (n. d. ). In RCMP-GRC. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//www. rcmp-grc. gc. ca/ print/vol70n3/air-eng. htm Emergency response. (n. d. ). In Fly EIA. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http//www. flyeia. com/emergency_response. aspx

Socrates: Guilty or Not

Socrates is one of the founders of Western philosophy. The dialogues, scripted by publicy of his students, such as Plato, represent a grotesque way of marveling how we should live our lives, and who do we aspire to become. He was a very intelligent man who was very concerned just nearly ethics, be a good Athenian, and doing what is just. In Platos Apology the reader experiences completely of Socrates characteristics as if they where sitting right in that respect with all the other quintuple hundred manpower representing the jury. Socrates is trying to persuade the jury by defend himself against accusations make by fellow Athenian, Meletus. He accuses Socrates of corrupting the youth and of non believing in the perfections the city of Athens views in (Apology, 24 b-c).Socrates, non being familiar with courts, attempts at defending himself stating that is most likely to pack in a vindication non using the language of lawyers, scarce in the way he is used to speak to the public. Even though Socrates was found guilty in the court of law, hence being sentenced to death, he still persuaded one of the jury men that was non present that twenty-four hours in to believing he was non guilty. I commit that Socrates defended himself much than well against his accusations, and the lack of evidence presented by his accusers gives more than enough argue that he was indeed not guilty. But there ar ii things I do not agree with Socrates One being that he says he is not a impudent man, and the other being that if psyche does wrong to another person un departingly, is a good enough intellectual for the wrongdoer to not have repercussions for his acts.It is Important to master that during the entire defense Socrates is struggle his accusers, mainly Meletus and he shows this right away when he goes through and through the early accusation of supposedly corrupting the youth. He says that most of the kids that go after him some be kids of very ri ch parents who just enjoy hearing nation being headlanded. Socrates states that each time his accusers are asked what he does and what is he teaching that corrupts the young, they have no answer for the question, and that most of the men are just angry because he questioned them on their supposed more than humankind wisdom (Apology, 23c-d).The great Socrates was kn cause for going to every man who tell was wise and ridiculing them in front of other spectators, in which he made a lot of enemies. It is very important to state that Socrates has been accused in the beginning actually he has been receiving accusations since he was very young. Socrates says that he has two types of accusers the in front ones, and the recent ones, which he says listened to what the older accusers said about him making it easier to puddle a disliking for him. For me this is a very important point, because it is just another intellect to believe that the accusations made are just repressed anger and disliking for a man who does not believe in committing any wrongdoing.Socrates continues his defense attacking Meletus and asking him who is allowed to improve and educate the youth, and he answers that everyone including the jurymen, the reference, the members of the council, the assembly, all Athenians except for Socrates himself (Apology, 24e-25a). This leads him to reason out that Meletus, using an analogy of horses and horse breeders, does not really care about the youth, because he believes that only one man in Athens green theologydess corrupt the youth while he goes on thinking that every other Athenian is educating and improving them (Apology, 25b-c). Socrates once again questions Meletus evidence.In another ask out of the Apology, Socrates says how can so many people enjoy being around him and listening him questioning others. He then invites all of the supposedly men he has corrupted to stand up as witnesses, provided he only pass offs all of the people that love him and follow him in the audience (Apology, 33c-34b). As you go through the first defense it just keeps on demonstrating the lack of evidence by the graphic symbol of the accusers, who could not unconstipated put down a single person to the stand that has been corrupted. This leads us to Socrates second part of the defense. In the affidavit it says that Socrates is charged for not believing in the cities gods, however when Meletus is questioned he says This is what I mean, that you do not believe in gods at all (Apology, 26c).This completely changes is early accusation, and it certainly makes it clear that he is contradicting himself. Socrates continues to question Meletus about believing in spirits. Meletus answers a question that made by Socrates, in which he asked, Do we not believe spirits to be either gods or the children of gods, Meletus answers Of course(Apology, 27c-d). This leads me to my second point does Socrates really believe in any supernatural being? I believe th at he actually does.One small observation I made was that he mentions the god Zeus more than once during the trial (Apology, 17c, 25c, 35d). But more importantly he talks about A* god who has put him in earth to do the work he does, to be a philosopher, to question what others do not dare. He states that they are treating a gift from god unjustly (Apology 30e-31b). He really persuaded me when he talked about a betoken or spiritual sign that speaks to him when he needs to be cancelled away from something (Apology, 31d).Some jurymen would say he is just talking about this to scram away with not being sentenced to death, but I say to those people why would a man who clearly says he does not venerate death will lie in the court of law, which he has view his entire life, because that is how he was brought up. But even if I agree with Socrates defense, there are two things I do not agree with. The first is that he says he is not a wise man, which I find to be completely absurd. In a sense I see it as his way for people taking him for a humble man.Early in the trial he expresses how he visited all the men who said they were wise, but he never says he questioned who said they were not wise. For Socrates being wise is someone who has knowledge and the more arrogant you are about cunning something the less of a wise man you are. To make my point Socrates never thinks of himself as a wise man, so by using his own explanation of a wise person makes him a wise man if not the wisest in Athens. (Santi remember that he believed that you truly do not understand anything until you understand yourself and your own beliefs. Socrates at least knows this truth about himself.)The second argument I do not agree with Socrates that if someone does something wrong unwillingly is exempt from being accused or even punished from his acts. I do believe in doing what is just, and I do believe Socrates was prosecuted unjustly. But just because you do wrong unwillingly does not give th e state to let you go freely. Take this for example you are in a bar and you are carrying a weapon with you, for solicitude measures. The gun accidentally goes of and you injure a person. This would go under unwillingly causing harm to another person, but it does not mean that you should not receive any punishment for acting carelessly while carrying a fire weapon. I arrived at the conclusion that Socrates was never to be punished in any sort of way.The main reason is because the accusations were vague and were not backed up by any type of evidence. These accusers were blinded by a hatred that was born when they were young andcontinued to build up when they see the man named Socrates walking through the streets of Athens questioning everything. The city of Athens and the people who lived there were taught everything they know and believe, and those things were never to be questioned because that is what they were taught. thence came Socrates, a wise man, and questioned everything, but I do not believe he ever intended, and surely did not, to corrupt the youth. I strongly believe that he was helping every single human being he spoke to.Socrates was teaching the people of Athens to question things, to be gay and question everything, and that is the basis of philosophy to question. One could say that Socrates prophecy was carry through his conviction will be shameful for Athens because there will be others to take his place. By reading the Apology I matte a one more jurymen, and I definitely found this man to not be guilty on any of the charges.

Perception of Organized Crime Essay

nonionized abomination has been delimitate as illegal acts committed by a reprehensible arranging or conference. The NCIS (2005) describe unionized offensive as having 4 large attributes (1) unionized crime group contains at least three pot (2) the criminal activity the group engages in is ongoing and indefinite in duration (3) the group is motivated by a desire for increase or power and, (4) the group commits serious criminal offenses (Lynman & Potter, 2007). There atomic number 18 different categories of organised criminal behaviour. They include the readiness of illicit run, provision of illicit goods, conspiracy to commit crime, penetration of legitimate business, extortion, and corruption.Illicit service be services that legitimate business do not provide. These services include but are not limited to gambling that is illegal, resistance rackets, loan sharking, and prostitution. Illicit goods are also not available not available from legitimate businesses. Ille gal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin are examples of illicit goods. Unregistered guns and stolen property are also examples of illicit goods. gang is an agreement between two or more people to breach the law. Conspiracy is a vital category of organized criminal behavior. Organized crime members often cause together for the purpose of making m angiotensin converting enzymey. They work together to sell drugs, stolen property, loan sharking, gambling, prostitution and other illegal activities they drive going on within their organization.Organized crime organizations confine no legal way to spend their profits so they must bedim their revenue. They do this by penetrating legal businesses. many a(prenominal) of these crime organizations grant businesses such as construction and contractors. Extortion is another category of organized crime. Many organized crime organizations use extortion to infiltrate legitimate businesses. Extortion is the use or threatened use of vi olence or force to achieve a criminal end (Lynman & Potter, 2007). Corruption is also a category of organized crime. Many of these organized crime groups could notflourish if it wasnt for for the back up of pubic and private figures such as police officers, judges, prosecutors, whitethornors, bankers, attorneys, and elected and appointive officials.Organized crime groups have different hierarchies. There is the standard power structure in which on that point is a single organized crime group which is led by a single powerful various(prenominal). These organizations have understandably defined roles, a readily identified chain of command, and a pecking order that is designed to provide a strong system of internal landing field. consequently there is the regional hierarchy. These hierarchies are tightly controlled groups with strong systems of internal discipline and clearly defined roles and lines of authority.Next theres the clustered hierarchy. This is an organized crime gro up that involves a number of smaller organized crime groups that coordinate their activities and enterprises. There is also a core group. This is an unstructured group of organized criminal surrounded by a larger interlock of individuals engaged in serious criminal activity. Finally, theres the criminal network. Criminal networks are loosely organized, highly adaptable, very fluid of networks of individual participants who organize themselves around ongoing criminal enterprise (Lynman & Potter, 2007).The perception I had of organized crime is different from what I read in workweek one. Before this week, I always associated the Mob or the Mafia with organized crime. I think this comes from the movies and television shows that I have watched. I described organized crime as a group of people works for a boss to break the law. I thought that there was one head and people reported to him. I did not know that there were different categories of organized crime. I always associated drug t rafficking and murder for lead as organized crimes. The readings have helped me to understand what organized crime rattling is and who is or can be involved. Before now, I would have neer associated corruption or extortion with organized crime.I ultimately believed that this was something that was made up for movies and TV shows such as The Godfather, Scarface, The Sopranos, and The Wire. Before watching The Wire, I but associated Italians with organized crime. The characteristics I believe are associatedwith organized criminal behavior varies. First, all members of the organization are expected to weather by a certain set of rules or a code. They should protect the organization and do what is asked of them by the leaders. I thought the characteristics of organized criminal behavior were sympathetic to that of a gang. The people involved in organized crime may not wear a certain color or live in a certain area but they have the similar goal in mind. Protect the group by any kernel necessary. They have to be loyal to the group, do what they are told by somebody else, and do what it takes to make money or a profit for the group. later this first week of class my views on organized crime has changed drastically. I now have a better understanding of what organized crime is and a more knowledge on organized criminal groups. I can let go of all of the stereotypes I may have had and now understand that organized criminal organizations have one goal in mind, make a profit for the organization no count if it is financial or political.ReferencesLyman, M., & Potter, G. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Organized Crime (Fourth ed., pp. 1-38). invigorated York Pearson Education.

Chid Abuse

HSP Computer Superstore Project Description In this project, you volition vary a workbook for the HSP Computer Superstore to track the gross sales totals for 2011. You forget use serves to report total sales, average sales, and median, minimum, and maximum sales pass judgments. Additionally, you will create a summary worksheet using values from the other spreadsheets in the workbook. Instructions For the aspire of grading the project you be required to perform the following tasks tread Instructions Points Possible 1 Start Excel.Open the downloaded Excel workbook named GO_e02_Grader_IR. xlsx. 0 2 On the primary(prenominal) St. worksheet, in cell B25, enter a employment that will total all of the sales for tail assembly 1 in the range B6B23. facsimile the agency in cell B25 to the range C25F25. 6 3 On the briny St. worksheet, adjust the column widths for columns C, D, and E to 13. 57 (100 pixels). 3 4 On the briny St. worksheet, in cell B26, insert a function that wi ll calculate the average sales for Quarter 1. counterpart the function in cell B26 to the range C26E26. 6 5 On the main St. worksheet, in cell B27, insert a function that will pageant the median sales value for Quarter 1. transcript the function in cell B27 to the range C27E27. 6 6 On the Main St. worksheet, in cell B28, insert a function that will presentment the minimum sales value for Quarter 1. Copy the function in cell B28 to the range C28E28. 6 7 On the Main St. worksheet, in cell B29, insert a function that will display the maximum sales value for Quarter 1. Copy the function in cell B29 to the range C29E29. 6 8 On the Main St. orksheet, in cell B30, insert a function that will count the telephone number of sales agents with sales great than $75,000 in Quarter 1 (B6B23). Copy the function in cell B30 to the range C30E30. 6 9 multitude the Main St. and Franklin Ave. worksheet tabs. With both worksheets selected, click in cell F6 and insert a function that will total all of the 2011 sales for the first agent. Copy the function in cell F6 to the range F7F23. Ungroup the worksheets. 12 10 On the Main St. worksheet, in cell G6, insert a function that will display the text Gold if the sales agents total sales alue for 2011 is greater than or equal to 225000. Otherwise, the function will display the text preparation Required. Copy the function in cell G6 to the range G7G23. 6 11 Copy the contents of cell A4 on the Franklin Ave. worksheet, and paste them into cell A4 on the Main St. worksheet. 1 12 On the Main St. worksheet, freeze above row 6 so that row 5 continues to display as you scroll down on the worksheet. 2 13 On the Main St. worksheet, in cell B32, enter the value 1/15/12. receptive the contents and formatting in cell B32, and then enter the interpret January 15, 2012 in the same cell. 1 14 On the Main St. worksheet, display green data bars with a gradient fill in all cells in the range F6F23. 3 15 On the Main St. worksheet, create an Excel table with headers using the range A5G23. Sort the check column from smallest to largest, and then filter the Category column so that besides those requiring training are displayed. 12 16 Use the Find and supersede dialog box to find the text Sales Agent ID on the Main St. worksheet and replace it with the text Sales Rep ID. 2 17 Change the scaling of the Main St. worksheet so the contents fit on one page. 4 18 Reposition the Main St. worksheet tab so that it appears to the right of the Franklin Ave. worksheet tab. Rename the Sheet1 worksheet tab to Summary, and then falsify the tab change to blue (under Standard Colors). 6 19 On the Summary worksheet, slip the text in cells B4 and C4 so that it is angled counterclockwise (45 degrees). 2 20 On the Summary worksheet, in cell B8, construct a linking principle that will refer to the value in cell E25 on the Franklin Ave. worksheet. In cell C8, construct a linking formula that will refer to the value in cell E25 on the Main St. orksheet. On the Main St. worksheet, change the value in cell E6 to 45581. 09. Note that the Quarter 4 sales total for the Main St. store updates automatically in the Summary sheet. 7 21 On the Summary worksheet, in cell B11, use the straightaway function to display the current date. 3 22 Ensure that the worksheets are correctly named and placed in the following order in the workbook Summary, Franklin Ave. , Main St. Save the workbook. Close the workbook and then exit Excel. Submit the workbook as directed. 0 Total Points 100

Debate About Same-Sex Marriage Essay

One of Americas well-nigh debated issues to twenty-four hours is the Same-Sex Marriage. In fact, intrepid marriage has been legalized in nine States in America. Having to be a part of the Christian community, we truly disagree to this for it is a sin as we consider it and we do non gift to depend twice in contradicting this topic. How constantly, it doesnt hurt to talk a comminuted about this. Same-sex marriage will be legalized is most countries some day. The needful are being postponed by the generations who precede us and govern our lands. A lot of young great deal do non even check the enormity of it entirely. We heard a lot of people say that they guide homosexuality, but that they dont think that the whole marriage affair is important.. Well, it obviously is. Because when marriage happens, the things on a soulal level are not just the ones affected.Ones finance, future, status, insurance, contract, and so military personnely more than will also be affected. If th e govern manpowert does not recognize your same-sex confederate as your husband/wife, a lot of complicated situations, in toll of paperwork and justice, will arise. And thats why we think it needs to be legalized. savior never said a word about homosexuality. In all of his teachings about multiple things he never said that gay people should be condemned. I personally think it is very fine for gay people to be married in civil ceremonies. Jimmy Carter. love has no boundaries, they say. But when referring to love, does that mean the affection between a humanity and a woman or the affection between two individuals, unheeding the sexuality? Personally, we think, the word sexuality from the phrase regardless the sexuality sack be referred as a boundary from the quote acknowledge has no boundaries, which should not be a hindrance in finding honest love.Picture an x-ray photograph of two skeletons showing affection by kissing. The moment you look at it, you are slowly being no nplus by the curiosity if it is a girl and a male child, a boy and a boy, a girl and a girl, or even a black man and a w pull aheade woman. Just the simplicity of the connector and the beauty of the two human beings sharing love is all that should matter. Love prevails beneath all that skin. However, the institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as between a man and a woman. It is believed that marriage is the union of man and woman, uniquely involving the procreation and rearing of children within a family. Legalizing same-sex marriage would fall apart the respect for the real definition of marriage.The legality of marriage has been encountering a a few(prenominal) inconsistencies having multiple wives being okay of marrying your own relatives the latest argument, same-sex marriage and perhaps in the near future, the legalization of marrying an animal. If same-sex marriage is to be approved, it will besides start a chain reaction which will eventually harm the essence of marriage. Another disadvantage would be carried on as a burden and embarrassment by their child, and an insult bullies arsehole use against them.That is, if ever a gay family plans on adopting their own child. The child will withstand so many questions why he has two fathers or maybe why he has two mothers, why he does not submit a normal family. No matter how thorough and understandable their commentary is, if the child sees a normal family composes a mother, a father, and a child, and he/she is aware that just now a man and a woman can bear children, then curiosity and confusion will just hit their child harder.Being part of the Christian community, we believe that marriage is for men and women and friendship is for two individuals of the same sexuality. Yes, loving the same gender does not hurt anyone, but it just does not appeal to the culture we have learned and have been taught. God has created woman for man, and man for woman. Abiding to His master is an ac t of sinfulness. Marriage is of the seven sacraments Catholic Church. It is not something a person can just plan the day before and do the day after. It is well thought and prepared for. For this is a commitment not only to your partner but also to God. Basically, we approve of gay relationships but not gay marriage.

Race and Ethnicity Essay

?ASSESS THE vastness OF SCHOOL FACTORS SUCH AS RACISM AND PUPILS RESPONSES TO RACISM IN CREATING social DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT. (20 MARKS) Ethnic differences concerning education exertion ascend from numerous factors these including internal and external school factors such as racialism, pupil receptions, somatic and cultural exit which is verbalismd by some ethnical groups and are the main reasons to explain why certain ethnic groups bring about the way in which they do.Within this essay I will construction at the previously stated factors and assess the importance of them and how much they in truth impact on the educational achievement of these ethnic groups. Labelling and teacher racism is a factor of racism which creates an impact in educational achievement amongst ethnic groups for example teachers label Black and Asian pupils as cosmos far from the ideal pupil, as Black pupils are seen to be debauched and Asian pupils as passive.These shun label s whitethorn lead to teachers treating ethnic nonage pupils differently, Therefore disadvantages them and resulting to their failure. Gillborn and Youdell found teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils than others for the same before, this is due to teachers racialised expectations, found teachers expected black pupils to present more discipline problems and misinterpreted their conduct as threatening or ch in allenging to authority.They also found that African Caribbeans as the best starters but became worst during their GCSEs found that attaching negative labels to different ethnic groups had negative effects, this link in with the self-fulfilling prophecy for those who adapt to this role and those who reject it and are in turn successful. Pupil responses to racism also determine educational success this supported by Heidi Safia Mirza who battleground ambitious black girls who faced teacher racism. Girls in Mirzas study failed to achieve their ambitions be clear their coping strategies restricted their opportunities and resulted in under-achievement.Mirza found that racist teachers demoralised black pupils from being ambitious through the kind of advice they gave them about careers and plectrum choices. In contrast to the Mirzas study, the Fuller and Mac an Ghaill came to the conclusions through their study, that pupils may succeed even when they refuse to conform and that negative labelling does not invariably lead to failure as the girls from the study were able to reject the labels set on them and they remained determined to succeed.This suggests that educational achievement is reliant on the pupils response to racism and how it is dealt this either by acceptance and conforming a anti school culture hence creating a self-fulfilling prophecy or by working against the label and achieving to a high standard without attracting the negative aspects of the schoolhouse environment. Other factors such as material and cultural deprivation view as been seen to make create ethnic differences in educational achievement. The material deprivation aspect can be explained through statistics showing children empower to bighearted school meals, by ethnic group.The highest ranking ethnic groups are Bangladeshis and Pakistanis entitled to free school meals, these inequalities parallel those seen in educational achievement. For example Indians and whites chiefly have a high social categorize position than Bangladeshis and Pakistanis, who lots face high levels of poverty. The material deprivation explanation palisades that such class differences explain why Bangladeshi and Pakistani pupils tend to do worsened than Indian and white pupils.Cultural deprivation is also said to cause differences at bottom achievement as intellectual and linguistic skills, attitudes and determine and family organize all play key role in determining educational success. Intellectual and linguistic skills are placed to be the most burning(prenomina l) as without this essential tool children are most likely to under-achieve as they unequipped for the school as they have not been able to offend reasoning and problem-solving skills.Bereiter and Engelmann consider language spoken by pitiable-income black American families as inadequate for educational success. See it as ungrammatical, disjointed and unable(predicate) of expressing abstract ideas. There has also been concern that children who do not say English at home may be held back educationally. Neverthe slight, the Swann cross found that language was not a study factor in under-achievement, while Gillborn and Mirza note that Indian pupil do very thoroughly despite often not having English as their home language.Attitudes and values perceived by black children are seen as unsatisfactory by many cultural deprivation theorists as their lack of motivation is the major cause of their failure as they are socialised into subculture which does not value education and has fatal istic attitude. Most other children are socialised into the mainstream political orientation which instils ambition, competiveness and willingness to make the sacrifices for long term goals essentially equips them for success in education.Family complex body part and parental support, Ken Pryce sees family structure as contributing to the under-achievement of black Caribbean pupils in Britain. From a comparison of black and Asian pupils, he claims that Asians are higher achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater smell out of self-worth. By contrast, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. As a result, many black pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Argues difference is the result of differing impact of colonialism on the two groups. pass of slavery was culturally devastating for blacks they lost their language, religion and entire family system. Asian family structure remains intact as, languages and religions were not destroyed by colonial rule. Sociologists argue racism in wider society is a factor which restricts educational achievement of certain ethnic groups this is supported by David Mason who puts it, disagreement is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britains citizens of nonage ethnic origin.It is also argued by sociologist John Rex who shows how racial distinction leads to social exclusion and how this in turn worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities in housing for instance. There are links to exercising also as on a basis of last name determine ethnicity and from that some are biased towards e. g. when being chosen for a job and the last names Patel and Evans have the same set of qualifications, the federation would be interested in recruiting Evans the white candidate more than Patel who is from an Indian background.This explains why member of ethnic minorities are more likely to face unemployment and low pay, and this in turn has a negative effect on their childrens educational prospects. The concluded judgement suggests that the ethnic differences which arise within educational achievement are down to a mixture of material and cultural deprivation as these are most influential in determining educational success and addressing ethnic differences.Some pupil responses to racism and racism also have the ability to suggest why ethnic differences arise overall but are mostly dependent on the individual and how he/she perceives the educations system e. g. either negatively or positively due to experience or upbringing. This would then initially give an acumen onto how well the pupil would perform. Criticism which occur are of internationalist who argue that you cannot generalise a whole ethnic group as all the different experiences, therefore any suggestions made about the whole ethnic groups education achievements may or may not reflect a true image.

Questions: History and Political Science

According to Max Weber, the rural area is distinguished from all different organizations by its monopoly on the legitimate use of force. its use of bureaucratic procedures in making policy decisions. c. its ability to communicate political information via the media. d. its habituation on culture to define social life. its hierarchical chain of command. Which of the pursuance is non among the eight essential functions that must be performed by all(prenominal) state, according to Gabriel Almond and his colleagues? Interest articulation semipolitical socialization Political modernization Policy adjudication Policymaking 5. A group of components that exist in a characteristic relationship and interact on the basis of regular patterns constitutes a territory. nation. state. social contract. system. 6. Liberty, equality, freedom, and Justice are examples of inputs. requisite functions of the state. values. traditions. guaranteed rights. 7.When decisions are accepted as binding by t he people affected, the decisions may be described as consensual. judicial. authoritative. rational. All of the above 8. Which of the succeeding(a) can be a start of legitimacy for the state? Law Tradition Contract Law and tradition but not contract Law, tradition and contract 9. Which of the following actions is a support input to a political system? Abstaining from a local anesthetic election Obeying local traffic laws Signing a petition Requesting a government service None of the above 10. A main rationale for sovereignty, according to the Debate in 5, is that it is a core principle in national constitutions. is a central premise of international law. it is essential for the efficient functioning of states. it is more burning(prenominal) than humanitarian intervention. it prevents many wars. Res publica refers to a citizens right to privacy. a citizens responsibility to support the government. the appropriate domain of state activity. the right of the state to protect its te rritory. the demands and supports directed to the political system. 12. The most important security goal of a state is autonomy. influence. dominance. survival. economic growth. 13. Which of the following is NOT a major role of the legislature? Oversight of the administrator branchInterpretation of laws copy of citizens Enactment ot legislation All of the above are major roles. 14. Which of the following is an important area of legislative oversight? Approving major executive appointments Enacting regulatory legislation Committee hearings on legislation Control of the schedule by the legislative majority 15. A legislative ombudsman is an independent manner that assists in judicial review. legislative oversight of the politics. policy implementation. supervision of the military. analyzing legislation. 16. Which of the following is a potential drawback of a bicameral legislature?Proliteration ot elections Less effective representation Stalemates in policymaking Proliferation of p olitical parties 17. Many observers claim that during the twentieth one C the power of legislatures increased steadily. declined significantly. remained the same. increased coition to the executive but declined relative to the Judiciary. e. declined in bicameral but not in unicameral legislatures. 18. In a political system with a fused executive, one imposter carries protrude ceremonial aspects of the executive role while another carries out more political aspects. b. a small number of people employment collective executive leadership. c. e ceremonial and political functions of the top executive both reside in the same actor. d. 19. which ot the tollowing is most responsi countries? The legislature The administration

Equity & Expectancy Theory of Motivation Essay

Motivation Explain Adams equity speculation Adams equity surmisal is a motivational pretending that attempts to explain the relationship amongst what an employee governs into their vocation (input), what they get out of it (output) and the fairness and justice exchanged amidst the devil (Cosier & Dalton, 1983). Inputs involve all factors that atomic number 18 perceive as necessary to halt a move over, such as driving, loyalty, hard lead, commitment, skill, king, flexibility, tolerance, determination, heart and soul, enthusiasm, trust in the employer and personal sacrifice. Whilst outputs include all factors that argon seen as a return of the job such as financial pays, perks, pull ins, pension arrangements, recognition, reputation, praise, interest, responsibility, travel, training, development, sense of acquirement and promotion (Cosier & Dalton, 1983). A fair and equit qualified to(p) respite of the two are based on the employees own perception, thoughts and b eliefs and are formed finished equi valence the employees own situation with opposite employees in the market place on with opinions and comparisons from colleagues, friends and partners (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). final parcel has been fitted to provide an equitable balance between the inputs and outputs of their employees through implementing some of the key principles of equity opening.For example they are providing a strong leadership role precedent through Scott Scherr-the chief executive officer, they are world attentive to their employees perception of fairness and more importantly they are involving their employees in the decision making and policy process. In return this has promoted cooperation and team work within the beau monde (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). More specifically net bundle exercise of being attentive and involving their employees was demonstrated when their employee suggested that they offer paid ad chooseion withdraw from to their employee an d they consequently implemented the benefit (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). This specific employee was about to adopt herself so she perceived that the output of adoption ease up was a fair and equitable reward for her inputs of effort, loyalty, commitment, skill, ability and work (Cosier & Dalton, 1983). Thus by listening and implementing her proposition Ultimate Software met her sense of fairness. In addition they also conveyed to her a sense ofinvolvement with the decision and policy making process.Consequently the employee regarded Ultimate Software as a fair, observant and appreciativeemployer. So overmuch so that she has remained with the follow for four years and has since purposed the adoption set out again. Conversely the company could have chosen non to listen to this particular employees suggestion. As a result Ultimate Software would not have implemented adoption leave and the employee would have felt that her inputs of effort, loyalty, commitment, skill, ability and work were out-weighed by her lift upd outputs. This would have been even more presumable if other company in the industry offered such a leave for adopting children. Consequently the employee would have felt underappreciated and would have become demotivated. This would have resulted in the employee reducing their effort and application, and even seeking an alternative job, perchance unrivalled where adoption leave was available (Cosier & Dalton, 1983). other example of the principles of equity theory at work in Ultimate Software is the use of benefit schemes to motivate employees. These schemes endeavour to provide employees with working conditions and policies that give additional rewards preceding(prenominal) and beyond the basic requirements to meet the perceived outputs of different individuals (Katzell & Thompson, 1990). For example an employee who perceived education as a fair and equitable output to their inputs is able to benefit from the companys annual tuition reim bursement. Whilst an employee who perceives providing health underwrite for themselves and their family as an equitable output for their input will acquire a sense of fairness and organisational justice through the use of Ultimate Softwares fully paid health premium scheme.These, along with the other schemes mentioned, cater for the differing perceptions, values and sensitivities amongst the company employees. This variation exists because what one employee sees as an adequate reward for their input may not even register with another employee (Blakely et al, 2005). We all have differing sensitivity and to achieve organisational justice and fairness between the inputs and outputs of individual employees the company needs to comprehend what makes their employees tick to enable them to make their role (Wilson, 2005).Basically Ultimate Software has applied the principles of equity theory to motivate their employees. The company has provided outputs which meets their employees percepti on of fairness against what they input into the company (Katzell & Thompson, 1990). This balance between input and output has notonly been achieved individually nevertheless also with in the work place and the industry. Consequently Ultimate Software has raised the level of employee satisfaction and performance.Explain Vrooms forecast Theory Vrooms Expectancy Theory is another motivational model but slightly more complex in its application. The model uses the leash variables expectancy, instrumentality and valance to explain how an employee is motivated to behave in shipway that will produce a desired combination of expect final results (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). The first variable, expectancy is the belief that an ones effort will result in the attainment of desired performance goals and is based upon the employees past experiences, self-confidence and the perceived difficulty of the goal. The second variable, instrumentality is the belief that one will receive a reward if th e performance expectation is met and is connected to the employees levels of trust in leadership, control over rewards and the companys formalised policy. The final variable, valence is the value that one places on the rewards and is based upon an employees needs, goals, values and sources of motivation (Lee, 2007).It is Vrooms belief that these three variables interact mentally to pee-pee a motivational force that will cause employee to acts in ways that will bring pleasure and avoid pain (Pearson & Hui, 2001). An example of Ultimate Software using the principle of expectancy theory to motivate their employees is through the use of their education benefit. For this to be a motivational force the three variables of expectancy, instrumentality and valance must(prenominal) be perceived by the employee to be met (Pearson & Hui, 2001). That is to fulfil expectancy an employee will need to believe that their extra effort and time put into studying a degree, or similar educational cour se, will result in them completing the program. To fulfil instrumentality the employee must believe thatonce managed they will be rewarded with either a higher turn in and or a promotion within the company. And in the long run to fulfil the third variable valance, the employee will need to value that the pay rise and/or promotion are important enough to apply extra effort and time. Basically they will need to desire the outcome enough so that they will achieve it (Pearson &Hui, 2001).Jose Chinea of Ultimate Software was able fulfil the three variables of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Firstly Jose believed that the masters degree in management and information systems was achievable. Secondly he believed that the extra effort put into studying a masters degree would lead to the reward of obtaining a promotion with Ultimate Software. And finally because he personally mute and valued education as an opportunity to grow he in that locationfore believed that the efforts he put in, along with the rewards obtained from Ultimate Software, would be worth it. Conversely, if Jose was not able to fulfil any one of the three variables then there would be no motivational force for him to study and therefore use the educational benefit. This would happen only if he believed that he was unable to complete the masters degree, the company was not offering a fitting reward and he perceived education and the rewards of education to be of no value. Consequently, the internal attributes of the employee which incorporate their attitude and value systems are an extensive unequivocal of motivational force in the expectancy theory model (Pearson & Hui, 2001).Another example of Ultimate Software using the principles of expectancy theory is the CEOs, Scott Scherrs leadership role (Isaac et al, 2001). Scherr adopted the principles to equip himself with tools to crop the psychological process resident in his employees. He implemented rewards systems that are uncommon. T hese rewards include matching 30% of employee superannuation contributions and also stock options and both are applied in an appropriate fashion to pull or influence his employees. This strategy enhances the level of personal motivation of his employees as they wish to maximize their own self interests. For example an employee who wishes to boost their retirement savings would opt for the reward scheme of matching superannuation contributions. Whilst an employee who wishes to boost their immediate wealth, or even just considers investing to be of value, would opt for stock options.In applying a strong leadership style Scherr has created an environment within his company that inspires his employees to achieve a level of performance that meets the company expectations, and even perhaps exceed the employees own personal expectations. This has been achieved through Scherr consciously choosing a leadership strategy that pulls rather than pushes(Isaac et al, 2001). The positive implicatio ns of using a motivational model such as expectancy theory include reduced employee turnover, ameliorate morale and higher productivity (Pearson & Hui, 2001). For Ultimate Software this has resulted in the company obtaining the title of best medium company to work for in America.

Agricultural Problems In Cyprus

The backb one of Cyprus economic system when it achieved its independence was agriculture. The major section came from small farms and at convictions from subsistence farms. exportation of vegetables and takes were made possible by irrigation projects in the cardinal sixties. The demands for wine, meat and dairy products were met by commercialized farming.In the early nineteen cardinalties, the farms supplied ab discover seventy part of commodity exports and employed one third of the islands active population in spite of the fact that the farms were unperturbed overwhelmingly small1. However, the expansion of manufacturing and service vault of heaven take to a decline in the importance of agriculture.The get by of agricultures Gross municipal Product in the first half of the nineteen seventies amounted to 18 per centum.The northern Turkish Cypriot community was left in willpower of pastoral resources with the nineteen seventy quaternary de facto division of the isl and. It produced four-fifth of cereal and citrus tree wreaks, all of the tobacco and twain thirds of the green aliment.The south on the opposite hand retained the entire islands grape growing nations and deciduous return orchards. The south was as well in possession of about seventy five-spot part of the valuable potato molds and other vegetables and half of the islands olive trees. It also had sixty three share of its carob trees.Two thirds of the parentage population was also in the south. A large scale uncoordinated exchange of agricultural labor between the north and south was created by the Turkish concern of the region2. This led to agricultural un use of goods and services which was countered by government actions. Such government actions include assisting farmers financially under terms that would enable them to carry out their activities without frequently burden.By nineteen seventy eight, the number of individuals employed in the agricultural sector under g overnment controlled area constituted twenty dollar bill three percent of the working population. The agricultural sectors workforce however declined to 20.7 percent in nineteen seventy nine and 15.8 percent in nineteen fourscore seven3.Its contribution to the overall economy of the state also declined from 17.3 percent GDP in nineteen seventy six to ten point seven percent in nineteen seventy nine and a further seven point seven percent in nineteen xc eight4.This share was vital to the economy of the south. In nineteen eighty eight, value added in agriculture at constant nineteen cardinal five prices amounted to one hundred and twelve million-seven hundred thousand Cyprus pound.As the service sector increasingly became dominant in the economy of the Greek Cypriots, the share of agriculture in the national economy declined even further in the nineteen nineties. However, the affirmatory climate of the region and the availability of market owing to its location still mean that ag riculture will continue playing an important and abiding role in the overall economy.The irrigation projects set by the government, tax policies and subsidies back up the existence of farming as well as research in exotic crops and new varieties of the ones that already exist. The effort to improve agriculture, forestry and fishing was overseen by the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources.This ministry was supported by Agricultural Research Institute, meteorologic Service, Department of Water Services, the Veterinary Service and the Department of Geological Survey5. both these departments worked together in formulation of policies that affect the sector.The government also support agriculture in addition to macroeconomic considerations since it offered the rural population employment which maintained village life and relieved urban crowding. Part time agricultural work also allowed the urban residents to maintain contact with their villages likewise offering them supple mental income.The contribution of agriculture to the national economy has steady declined. However, in the past decade it has stabilized between three and four percent6. In 2004, the contribution of agriculture to exports went up to twenty four percent which is the highest since nineteen ninety six. This is near the historical 30 four division average.The number of individuals employed in the agricultural sector has also declined remarkably. In 2005, only four point eight percent were employed in the agricultural sector as compared to about thirty percent in nineteen sixties.This portion is however higher(prenominal) for men at 5.7 percent than women at 3.7 percent7. Of this population, about are holders and family members while the remaining one out of five are employees. These numbers are larger in crop than in livestock sector. Since 2001, full time working equivalent has been round seven percent.In 2003, the gross agricultural output went up and remained steady by 2004. How ever, with regard to quantity, the crop output has been steadily go and is about eighty eight percent of what it used to be in nineteen ninety five.On the other hand, livestock output has been going up and now stands at above one-hundred percent of the nineteen ninety five figures. In 2004, prices were cardinal percent higher than in 1995 with the crop prices recording higher percentage points than livestock prices. Crop prices were between five to twenty percent higher even though the gap is being closed by livestock prices.Overview of agricultural and rural sector developmentCrop area consist of thirty percent permanent crop area and seventy percent temporary crop area. About forty to forty five percent of the total area hold cereals with fifteen to twenty percent of the total holding fodder crops which shows a accrue after a steady increase until two thousand8.Vine area has recorded a decrease from eighteen percent in nineteen ninety to eleven percent of the total in two thou sand and two. This was largely due to the incentives that were paid to farmers in an attempt to distract overproduction of vines.A small increase was exhibited by olives on olive crude production to eight percent of the total. Citrus recorded a decrease by one percent in the year two thousand but has then been stable. Three percent of the total area is assiduous by fresh fruits. Both the fresh fruits and citrus are solely irrigable. Uncultivated land remained relatively constant at between thirty five and forty percent of the total area.The most extreme variant was recorded by barley with thirty seven thousand lashings being produced in the year two thousand as compared with one-hundred and twenty eight thousand tons produced two days later. An average birth of two point four tons per hectare is represented by the 2002 production.The variance highlight Cyprus periodical water shortage and the annual weather changes. The falling grapes production represents the decrease in t he cultivated area. After a salient decrease in the year two thousand, the production of grape fruit has steadied.Generally, the production of citrus fruits has shown a gradual decrease since nineteen ninety but it has steadied to some extent during the past few years. extreme point fluctuations are not often recorded by potatoes but their ample share in agricultural output and exports implies that their fluctuation impacts greatly on agricultural economy.Olives have constantly increased to reach more than twenty seven thousand tons. This figure is twice what it was some few years ago. This can be attributed to the increase in irrigable land.

Steve Jobs Leadership

Some would say that Steve Jobs, co-founder of apple Computers Inc. , was an prodigious leader. How invariably, there ar many who would disagree with that statement. Jobs could define lead in some aspects, to that degree he fell short in others. Jobs lead style is tall(prenominal) to pin down because his position tally very many styles. Steve Jobs co-founded apple in 1976 and in 1984 he created the Macintosh, the first small computer with a graphic interface. Unfortunately in 1985 Jobs was forced to leave later an sexual power struggle with the companies CEO.Jobs later returned to a struggling Apple later 12 years and turned the company around. During the 12 years he was away, Steve Jobs created successful companies such as Pixar and NeXT. Pixar was acquired by Disney and NeXT was acquired by Apple Computers upon Jobs return. Jobs created such technological staples as the Ipad, Ipod, and Iphone. Steve Jobs was also known for his excellent speeches and entrance his audienc e. Unfortunately in 2011, Steve Jobs lost a long battle to pancreatic advisecer. The characteristics of a superior leader are not hard to identify.Drive, integrity, self-confidence, and fellowship of business are characteristics of an exceptional leader. All of the above described Steve Jobs. Jobs was a very claimn man, not for money, or power. Jobs believed that power is a destiny for what actually drove him acquisition itself. Jobs persistence was shown even more after leaving Apple. Steve could have spent his life dwelling over his loss, hardly instead he created two new, very successful companies. Maybe this remove is why Forbes named Jobs 2007s most powerful person in business. fair play was important to Jobs his labour would push him to live up to what he promised. At times, following through with his promise would not always keep abreast bulge out in the nicest way. Jobs was known to be difficult to get along with, peculiarly in police squad meetings. Steve Jobs s elf-confidence was over flowing and considered arrogant by some, but he always believed in what he was trying to accomplish. Jobs association of his business was extraordinary, revolutionizing technology at every turn. One of Jobs spectacularest quotes on leadership is Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a helper (Jobs, 2006).Steve Jobs leadership style is very difficult to clearly identify. Jobs characteristics and traits sporadically fit into different leadership styles. Jobs would be classified as an autocratic leader, he tells people what to do, asserting themselves, and serving as a model group member. Jobs was definitely not a democratic leader, it has been said that Jobs hated team meetings and was rather rude when employees spoke their mind. Steve Jobs could also be classified as entrepreneurial, despite the fact that he is a multibillionaire, his work ethic never changed.Andrew Dubrin defines an entrepreneur as someone with a well-set lead for achievement an d a sensible risk taking, high degree of enthusiasm, t eradicateency to act quickly on opportunity, being impatient, visionary, amongst others (Dubrin, 2010). Dubrins definition describes Steve Jobs to a tee. A transformational leader is one who brings about major, positive change for the group, organization or society (Dubrin, 2010). Jobs leadership showed many similarities to a transformational leader except one, Jobs lacked the benevolent qualities necessary. Jobs could also be considered a charismatic leader.Steves exceptional exponent to captivate his audience during a speech is the time his charisma tramp be clearly seen. Jobs could fit himself into whichever scenario necessary to reach his audience. Steve Jobs is such an exceptional businessman, leader, and innovator. I have enjoyed learning more about his leadership and his career. Jobs has make me realize that there is no cookie cutter style of leadership that one person can follow. I found it helpful to mend different leadership styles to an actual person. To have a detailed interpretation about how the text about leadership changes into real life is useful.He has made me open my eyes to the possibility that no one leadership position is more good than another. Jobs was not necessarily the warmest of bosses yet he was still able to find that personal connection with his customers. Steve Jobs was able to kindle and excite the consumer to have his latest miracle. Not every leader is great at everything, even the best struggle with certain aspects of their leadership. For me, I can see how the lessons that I have learned in my research will apply in my future. I have learned not to ever give up, always keep your eyes focused on the closing ahead.No matter how big or small the project is, the end goal is the same success. Steve Jobs ability to rise above disappointment or despair and move on with such drive to succeed is extraordinary. This drive has motivated me to want to strive for the same. Steve Jobs has given me the examples of leadership that shows that how a strong leader can revolutionize the world. Think of how many homes have Iphones, Ipads, Ipods, or any other Apple product in their home. The products have pop off the norm in many homes. What a feeling of accomplishment Steve Jobs mustiness have felt.All of his hard work and ingenuity is shown in the uplift his customers show with his inventions. I would consider Steve Jobs to be one of the most effective leaders that I have had the pleasure of researching. Being able to cross being pushed out of the company that he co-founded is unbelievable. Only to later come back to that company and be able to turn around the drop down company. What a display of true leadership Steve Jobs showed the country. Steve was able to show not only his fellow Apple employees but everyone in the world how drive and perseverance can inspire anyone to reach for the stars.References Bateman, . & Snell, . (2009). Management Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook. . Retrieved from, MGT330 website. Jobs, S. (2006, January 24). The leader-follower Video file. Retrieved from unconscious Films website http//www. subconsciousfilms. Kramer, D. (2010). david. kramer. wordpress. com. Retrieved from http//davidkramer. wordpress. com/2010/02/15/leadership-behaviours-and-attitudes-of-steve-jobs/ Steve Jobs Leadership Case Study. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. leadership-with-you. com/steve-jobs-leadership. html

The BMW M5 has the capacity

The BMW M5 has the capacity of a sedan and it excels like a sports car in terms of performance.The car has spacious seats and effective temperature control brass to ensure a comfortable ride. Independent suspension for all the quaternary wheels improves overall handling of the car. The M5 does not slack behind in the recreation department either and offers a host of features including a high-end music trunk and high-definition radio. The car is very stable under almost any avenue condition including slippery ice roads, sandy surfaces and rain-slicked roads using its high-octane stability control system.The car also has an on-board GPS navigation system and recognizes component commands from the driver. BMW lays great emphasis on safety its cars are very sturdily built with state-of-the-art safety features such as head security system, automatic-locking retractors for seatbelts, and side airbags to provide additional protection.The M5 also has an Impact sensor to mechanically turn off the ignition and fuel supply, and switches on the emergency lights in the event of an accident. In terms of after-sales service, BMW guarantees free maintenance for either quadruplet years or fifty thousand miles. This service is inclusive of stock(a) servicing as well as free replacement of items that break in off. BMW has also recently introduced a tele-service called BMW Safety Plan which enables the car to this instant contact the service center when it needs service.BMW is a German machine manufacturer which has a rich tradition of building reliable cars and has clear worldwide recognition among general consumers as well as railroad car enthusiasts. The BMW M5 is a brand family. It falls under the Motor vehicles and car bodies sedulousness category and its corresponding SIC code is 3711 (Business & Company Resource Center).DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Volkswagen, popular Motors, Ducati, Fiat, Harley-Davidson, Honda, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Mazda are approxima tely of the competitors of BMW in this category. Following are some of the factors that make BMW a compelling choice for any car buyer,

Comparison and Contrast of Hispanic Culture and Anglo-American Culture Essay

There is no universal cultivation amongst the fancyion caller as each community embraces a funny refining that guides and defines their behavior. The differences that atomic number 18 exhibited within any crabby assembly of people in a country or a pagan group ar usually greater than those differences that may be in a solid group. The differences ar usually noted in level of education, social standing, spiritual beliefs, personality definition, previous experiences, and affection that prevails in the home among former(a) numerous factors that deal an influence on hu humanity behavioral and cultural practices. pagan differences be persistent even in the globalized realism. It is therefore important to incorporate note of the differences in order to have good knowledge of the customs, beliefs, determine and norms of the divergent cultural groups. Cross cultural studies therefore atomic number 18 essential as they assist in coming up with a similitude of the variou s cultural differences that is observed in the various ethnic groups.When conducting cross-cultural studies, comparison becomes the of import essence of the study thereby ensuring that generalized assumptions atomic number 18 inevitable as the researchers seek to categorize the cultural groups. We need provided to be cautious that generalizations may lead to serious negative impacts specially when they are made from faulty observations. This paper shall aspire to give a comparison and contrast of the Hispanics and the Anglo-American culturesHispanics An analysis of the Hispanic community in the united States is not an easy task as there are several(prenominal) Hispanic groups in the country having distinct backgrounds especially in coitus to their point of dividing line. The Hispanics are therefore not a single group with similar cultural characteristics as they exhibit differences in run into to governmental views, customs, religious beliefs, familial and other conventi ons that distinguish each group from the others.The heighten on the Hispanics in this paper shall focus on four categories which overwhelm the Mexicans Americans, the Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and those from the Central American region. The Mexican Americans trace their place of origin from Mexico while the Puerto Ricans are considered the citizens of the unite States given up that Puerto anti-racketeering law is a fall in States territory. The Cuban Americans on the other hand are those who fled Cuba due to the political and economical turmoil that has been experienced in their country for quite whatever time.Lastly, the Hispanics from the central part of the Americas are said to have originated from various countries in the region (Kanellos, 1994). The Anglo-Americans The Anglo-American adduces to the ethnic group of individuals of European origin. The term Anglo has come to be employ to refer to the English intercommunicate Americans with little reference to their particular origin more like the term Hispanic has been used to refer to the various groups that make the Native American population.The Anglo-Americans comprise of English speaking Americans who are in around instances Protestants with minority of them adhering to the Roman Catholicism. The term Anglo-American has been used to refer to all those individuals who originated from countries that traditionally spoke English as their main language and also those whose families have adopted the English speaking culture in the United States and Canada to perfection (Diaz-Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). Comparison and Contrast of the Hispanic and the Anglo-American CulturesAs stated earlier, there are various groups in the United States which wee-wee the larger Hispanic category. Nevertheless, the different groupings within the Hispanic block have distinct features which come out especially when compared to the Anglo-American way of doing things. The Mexican Americans for instance, are known to speak Spanish and they are taught in bi-lingual classes which involves English as their second language. The Mexican Americans have various values which are unique of the Anglo-Americans.The familial values of the Mexican Americans for instance are uniquely different from that exhibited by the Anglo-Americans. The Mexico Americans for instance emphasizes on the social structure that is rooted in the family unit (Kanellos, 1994). Though the women are greatly respected in their culture, the Mexican Americans h grays that the women are inferior to their husbands in the homes. The husband is seen as the figure of mandate and the chief decision maker for the family. They usually cherish large families and drawn-out family ties are maintained.This is in contrast to the typical Anglo-American culture where both the man and woman in the house respect equal or roughly equal right in the decision making process for the family. The family is establish on democratic principles and small nuc lear families are cherished. The bond for extend family ties is usually publish in the setting of the Anglo-American culture. Most Mexican Americans are also observed as Catholics and they put emphasis on the belongings of religious moral values than their Anglo-American counterparts.Politically, the Mexican Americans have not been degenerate to stamp their authority in the political landscape within the United States save for the appointment of Alberto Gonzales as Americas Attorney command (Kanellos, 1994). This is in contrast to their Anglo-Americans who have dominated the political scene with to the highest degree being identified with the Republican Party. Economically, the Mexico-Americans have remained generally sidelined as their Anglo-Americans counterparts broaden to dominate the economic landscape.From the study done in 1989 it was revealed that Mexicans Americans earned 21% wages lower than the Anglo-Americans. Though these statistics can no longer be relied upon d ie to the passage of time, there still remains a prodigious gap mingled with economic gains by these two groups (Franklin, 2010). The Puerto Ricans are closely known for their general proficiency in Spanish and English languages. This concept has made life for this group of Hispanics more bearable than any of the other Hispanic groups.Contrary to the Mexican Americans, around of the households amongst the Puerto Ricans are headed by females. The Puerto Ricans table to various religious groups which include Baptism, Catholics, Methodist and any other of the world religious belief more like their Anglo-Americans counterparts. Politically, the Puerto Rican have limited access to the equivalent rights and political privileges enjoyed by any other American citizen though Puerto Rico is considered a United States territory from the year 1917. They are for instance not allowed to take part in presidential election.They are however exempted from stipendiary the federal income tax. Though they have limitation on the rights associated with citizenship, the Puerto Ricans continue to enjoy exceptional unrestricted US migration (Diaz -Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). The Cuban Americans have come from a difficult background that was characterized by unstable political environment in their backyard and difficult economic conditions. They however carried with them much of the Spanish culture given that the Spanish had great influence on the Caribbean Island.Most of the Cuban Americans are Catholics though some traces of Protestantism, Jewish, Santeria, and nonreligious beliefs can be traced. It has however been noted that nigh Cuban Americans have been assimilated in the mainstream culture meaning that they have taken most of the Anglo-American culture leaving their own though they have unplowed a small portion of their original culture (Diaz -Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). The other Spanish group from the Central American region comprise of the Venezuelan Americans most of w hom are Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese.Though most of them came to stay in America after the completion of their college studies in the US, they still maintain their familial ties which are rattling strong. They imbue in their children the value of family as an important aspect of the society at an early age. The familial ties are so strong that they at tomes make it hard for them to get assimilated in the American mainstream culture. Most of the Venezuelan Americans are Catholics though most do not hold religion in high esteem as the other Hispanic groups (Franklin, 2010). early(a) general aspects of the Hispanic groups culture include privacy which is only handled by the family members. They value modestly as part of their culture and that the area surrounded by the waist and the knees is considered as private. This is not common with the Anglo-Americans who are often exposes their body parts that would otherwise be considered private in Hispanic culture. The old members of t he family are greatly respected given their experience with life.In regard to health practice, the Hispanics are known to be emotionally expressive and individuals are expected to be pampered when they fall ill. To most Hispanics, birth control measures are not entertained a part from the natural ones given that most are Catholics. They also view thinness as a caper and roundness is considered ideal. This is in contrast to the Anglo-Americans who are pragmatic on heath issues and readily accept the birth control methods and also despise plumpness of the body (Culturediversity. rg, 2008). In a study conducted by Pablo G. Cardona, Bonnie C. Nicholson, and Robert A. Fox, in the year 2000 entitled Parenting Among Hispanic and Anglo-American Mothers With Young Children it was found that Hispanic mothers had high frequency of discipline and a lower frequency of nurturing with their young children compared to their Anglo-American counterparts though no differences were recorded in the expectations of both the Hispanic and Anglo-American mothers (Cardona, Nicholson, and Fox, 2000).Conclusion The cultural comparisons between the two cultural categories can go on and on without any sign of stopping any soon. The cultural differences observed between the Hispanics and the Anglo-Americans are reflected most in the familial affiliation, language, and religion. Most of the Hispanic groups in the United States have very strong family bonds, they subscribe to the Catholic faith and that they speak Spanish.This contrasts with the Anglo-Americans who speak English as their first language, have loose familial bonds and Protestantism is their main religion. Nevertheless, among the Hispanic groups are some differences especially in regard to how they have been able to get assimilated to the American lifestyle. The Puerto Ricans and the Cuban Americans are the most assimilated followed by the Venezuela Americans who are in the middle of being assimilated whereas the Mexican Ame ricans are the least assimilated.